A fracture is a common injury that can occur to any bone in the body. Overuse can cause stress fractures, which are very small cracks in the bone. A break caused by compression, the act of pressing down. This type of fracture has a horizontal fracture line. Anatomic description type type is the overall fracture pattern examples are. You develop this type of fracture in joints that you use too often.
Fracture types summary radiology reference article. A simple overview of different types of wrist fractures because the wrist is such a complex joint, there are many different types of wrist fractures. Jul 11, 2014 there are probably almost as many ways of categorizing bone fractures as there are bones in the body 206. They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type ii injuries. A hip fracture is a break in the upper quarter of the femur thigh bone. Le fort fracture classification radiology reference.
By adding the pauwels classification as a qualification for femoral neck fractures. Salterharris type i fracture radiology reference article. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Principles of fracture fixation orthopedic basics youtube. The type of surgery used to treat a hip fracture is primarily based on the bones and soft tissues affected or on the level of the fracture. The broken ends of the bone line up and are barely out of place. Fractures typically result from a fall, physical activity, or a motor vehicle accident.
Coronal fracture of the distal humerus at capitellum. The march fracture is a common stress fracture of a metatarsal bone. Mathes in the first day or two after the break or surgery, it is better. Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries.
Salterharris type i fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Victoria bc v8z 0b9 tel 250 940 4444 fax 250 385 9600 page 3 april 2015 v1s. Fractures are classified by their complexity, location, and other features. Below is a listing of the common types that may occur. This is a unique fracture in children that involves bending of one side of the bone without any break in the bone. Introduction to fracture mechanics david roylance department of materials science and engineering massachusetts institute of technology cambridge, ma 029. Oct 15, 2016 this article will discuss the three primary types of bone fractures. In response to complications associated with traditional open reduction techniques, a paradigm shift has occurred from establishing absolute rigid fixation to creating an environment more conducive to fracture healing. When a bone receives a force thats too great to absorb, it breaks or fractures. Types and classification of fractures linkedin slideshare. Pdf the aospine classification of thoracolumbar spine. Applied stress a edge crack length y geometric constant k ic critical value of stress intensity factor fracture toughness y. We examine the facts about fractures in this article.
Types of fractures the orthopedic institute at southwest. One where there is a separation of a small bone fragment from the bone where a tendon or ligament is attached. Separation of a solid into two or more parts under application of load or stress is called fracture. Thes e cas es i ncluded 16 type a fractu res, 3 ty pe b. Max frye howard franklin jeffrey fiskin current revisions by glenn gers weinstock productions castle rock entertainment. Le fort fractures are fractures of the midface, which collectively involve separation of all or a portion of the midface from the skull base. Fracture classification orthopaedic trauma association. Principles of muller aoota classification of fractureslong bones. Among the many different types of fractures, this type of fracture occurs when your bone breaks into two parts in a way that the bone loses its. Type of fracture fracture personality fracture displacement fracture angulation. Some fractures may require surgery to align the bones and to promote better long term function, but most can be treated without surgery.
After your bones are put back in place, you may have a cast or splint to keep the injured bones from moving. You may need an xray to see if you have a broken bone. Most bone fractures are the result of injuries from falls or vehicle crashes, but fractures can also be caused by certain diseases. The may 5, 2004, issue of jama includes an article about external. This is not only seen in soldiers who march, but also as the result of other repetitive weightbearing. External fixation permits adjustment of length and angulation some allow reduction of the fracture in all 3 planes. Gartlands classification of supracondylar fracture of humerus.
Aoota classification pdf ao surgery reference ao foundation. We treat all types of fractures at southwest health, throughout all stages of the healing process. A broken bone is often caused by a fall, an injury or an accident. The le fort classification system attempts to distinguish according to. The soft tissue surrounding the break may also be injured. There are different types of fractures and symptoms include pain, swelling, and discoloration of the skin around the injured area. Determining fracture type is really important when looking at a fracture and trying to describe it. A bone may get fractured completely or partially and it is caused commonly from trauma due to fall, motor vehicle accident or sports. Fractures of the ankle joint are among the commonest fractures in adults, with an incidence of up to 174 cases per 100 000 persons per year.
Some fractures may be described using more than one term because it may have the features of more than one type e. Fractures can broadly be split into complete and incomplete fractures. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. Whereas a pathological fracture can arise from a single minor trauma to an abnormal bone, a stress fracture is the result of repeated low impact trauma to a normal bone. Bone fractures a fracture is also called a broken bone. Overuse can cause stress fractures, which are very. Fractures of the pelvis, which often cannot be controlled quickly by any other method. A break in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and partially breaks. In order to be separated from the skull base, the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone need to be involved as these connect the midface to the sphenoid bone dorsally. However, there are different types of fractures that can all be classified into three main categories including a simple bone fracture, a comminuted fracture, and an open fracture. Introduction break in the structural continuity of a bone if the overlying skin remains intact closed simple fracture if skin or one of the body cavities is breached open compound fracture 3.
A clavicle fracture is typically associated with extreme pain, and arm movement is difficult. Ebraheims animated educational video describes hip fracture types and the fixation. This lecture covers some basics about fractures that will create a good base for any student interested in orthopedics. Depending on the type of load, fracture may be defined by tensile fracture, compressive fracture, shear fracture, fatigue fracture, creep fracture and cleavage fracture.
Bone fracture in a male b6c3f1n mouse from a chronic study. The break is completely across the bone, at a right angle. The clavicle bone lies just beneath the skin, so a fracture usually causes an obvious protrusion or bump at the fracture site, along with swelling. There are many different types of fracture from greenstick, hairline, and compression to oblique, impacted, and longitudinal. Kellam and others published fracture classification find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Other causes are low bone density and osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones. Types of fractures we treat all types of fractures at southwest health, throughout all stages of the healing process. There are many different types of fracture from greenstick, hairline, and compression to. The 2018 revision of the aoota fracture and dislocation classification compendium addresses the many suggestions to improve the application of the system, as well as add. Generally the recovery time for a broken bone is 4 to 6 weeks, depending on the circumstances of the injury. A simple overview of different types of wrist fractures. Dec 14, 2017 a fracture caused by a disease or condition is known as a pathological fracture. However, other fracture causes include osteoporosis, which is a condition that weakens. Thinning of the bone due to osteoporosis in the elderly can cause the bone to break easily.
Fracture types summary assoc prof craig hacking and dr jeremy jones et al. The orthopedic institute at southwest health types of fractures. While breaking a bone is kind of a big bummer, not to mention painful, at the very least you can look forward to your friends signing and drawing all sorts of weird things. Common causes of fractures fractures may be caused by a direct blow to the body such as being hit by a vehicle or by indirect force that results in a fracture away from the point of impact such as a hip fracture resulting from a person landing on his knee after a hard fall. This type of fracture is more prone to infection and requires immediate medical attention. The wrist consists of eight small bones, which connect to the ends of the forearm bones. The extent of the break depends on the forces that are involved. For a good longterm functional outcome to be achieved, reliable early evaluation is crucial so that it can be determined whether the problem is a distorsion sprain, ligament rupture, bony ligament avulsion, or fracture of the. Study anatomy types of fractures flashcards at proprofs anatomy. Smith fractures reverse colles fractures type 1 type 2 type 3 fractures of the forearm fractures of the distal radius with volar displacement and angulation of the distal fragment greenspan 1992 618p. A nondisplaced fracture may be difficult to identify without an xray. Pdf thoracolumbar fractures are an important topic in spinal surgery.
Types of fractures a fracture may be displaced bone moved out of normal alignment or nondisplaced bone remains in normal alignment. Therefore, anytime you suspect that a fracture may be present, treat the injury as though you knew the fracture existed. Anatomic description communition comminution is the measure of the number of pieces of broken bone that there are. Anatomic description of fractures type comminution location displacement 3. Introduction to the radiology of fractures and related injuries urmc. The skin may be pierced by the bone or by a blow that breaks the skin at the time of the fracture. The femoral neck fractures have been organized to better align the fracture types. Transverse the break is in a straight line across the bone. Fractures can be split into complete and incomplete fractures depending on whether the fracture extends all the way through the bone complete or only involves a portion of the cortex. In his section of a vertebra, a focal cortical bone fracture arrowhead is associated with mild to moderate hemorrhage.
Open compound fractures are severe fractures in which the broken bones cut through the skin. Apr 02, 2015 types and classification of fractures 1. Aoota fracture and dislocation classification compendium2018. You may think that a fracture is a fracture, right. Learn about how orthopedic surgeons decide on the best way to fix those bones. A fracture is when the continuity of a bone is broken. Fractures and dislocations university of cincinnati. Transverse fractures end segment fractures metaphyseal and articular the questions are. Especially applicable to the long bones and the pelvis. Bone fractures figure 1 and figure 2 are characterized by discontinuity of cortical bone andor disruption of medullary trabeculae microfracture. This is a basic article for medical students and other nonradiologists. Fracture by dan pyne revisions by tom pabst glenn gers e. It is an overuse injury and is more common in athletes, ballet dancers, runners, and basketball players.
1437 1190 999 115 146 63 140 1417 17 475 336 539 25 1400 879 207 584 149 1295 157 214 531 385 148 122 1608 557 1126 1065 915 299 1480 690 824 779 975 433 549 776 176